Serve the city, not the self. Marcus Aurelius 5.22
Marcus
Aurelius, as emperor of Rome, embodies and expresses the opposite of
the same monarchic ideal that inspired Louis XIV's famous dictum:
L'état, c'est moi. The decision to identify oneself
entirely with a community, a polis whose personal integrity
includes and occludes our own, is one that most humans make
instinctively, when we are born into traditional families, with
elders whose cooperation and culture we require to survive. In the
wake of the Reformation and Enlightenment, the discourse of modern
civilization focuses on the integrity of the individual, where
ancient discourse tends to speak in terms of communal integrity, with
individuals becoming less significant (cf. the speech Livy gives to
Gaius Mucius Scaevola in his history, 2.12.8-11, or the apology Plato
gives to Socrates, in which the philosopher explains his devotion to
city over self). There is always dangerous tension here, in the place
where communal and individual interests meet, as readers of the Iliad
know.
Ὃ
τῇ πόλει οὐκ ἔστι βλαβερόν, οὐδὲ τὸν
πολίτην βλάπτει. ἐπὶ πάσης τῆς τοῦ
βεβλάφθαι φαντασίας τοῦτον ἔπαγε τὸν
κανόνα· εἰ ἡ πόλις ὑπὸ τούτου μὴ
βλάπτεται, οὐδὲ ἐγὼ βέβλαμμαι· εἰ δὲ
ἡ πόλις βλάπτεται, οὐκ ὀργιστέον, ἀλλὰ
δεικτέον τῷ βλάπτοντι τὴν πόλιν τί τὸ
παρορώμενον.
Whatever
is harmless to the city does no injury to the citizen. Use this
insight as a standard for evaluating every observation of harm: if
the city isn't injured by something, then I have suffered no damage
from it, myself. But if the city is harmed,
then I must engage the person responsible: not with anger or outrage,
but in order to show him what
public damage he has overlooked.