Failing to desire God. Unamuno, Life 8.25

Unamuno consistently portrays mankind as a tragic battle between the head, which is rational, and the heart, which is not. A good head might entertain rational arguments whose proper logical conclusion is a denial of God's existence, Unamuno thinks, but a good heart longs for life and consciousness, wanting these to abide, in us and in the universe. So the heart affirms God as long as it finds meaning and awareness in life, even if the head denies him, seeing how he resists reduction to rational proofs. The worst prospect here, for Unamuno, is that of a heart that does not affirm life, that does not want consciousness or purpose (such as our humanity requires) to abide.


¿Qué sería un universo sin conciencia alguna que lo reflejase y lo conociese? ¿Qué sería la razón objetivada, sin voluntad ni sentimiento? Para nosotros lo mismo que la nada; mil veces más pavoroso que ella.

Si tal supuesto llega a ser realidad, nuestra vida carece de valor y de sentido.

No es, pues, necesidad racional, sino angustia vital, lo que nos lleva a creer en Dios. Y creer en Dios es ante todo y sobre todo, he de repetirlo, sentir hambre de Dios, hambre de divinidad, sentir su ausencia y vacío, querer que Dios exista. Y es querer salvar la finalidad humana del Universo. Porque hasta podría llegar uno a resignarse a ser absorbido por Dios si en una Conciencia se funda nuestra conciencia, si es la conciencia el fin del Universo.

«Dijo el malvado en su corazón: no hay Dios.» Y así es en verdad. Porque un justo puede decirse en su cabeza: ¡Dios no existe! Pero en el corazón sólo puede decírselo el malvado. No creer que haya Dios o creer que no le haya, es una cosa; resignarse a que no le haya, es otra, aunque inhumana y horrible; pero no querer que le haya, excede a toda otra monstruosidad moral. Aunque de hecho los que reniegan de Dios es por desesperación de no encontrarlo.


What would a universe be, if it lacked any consciousness to reflect and know itself? What rational and objective purpose would it have in view, without will or feeling? For us, its purpose would amount to nothing—nay, an emptiness even more terrifying than nothing.

If the foregoing ever comes to pass, then our life must lack worth and sense.

This shows that it is not rational necessity but vital anguish that drives us to believe in God. Believing in God, before and after all else, is feeling hunger for God, as I keep saying: hunger for divinity, whose absence we feel acutely, wanting God to exist that he may fill it. We want to save the human purpose of the universe. For we might almost resign ourselves to being absorbed by God, if this meant adding or subsuming our consciousness to some greater Awareness—if we could rest assured that consciousness were the final purpose and end of the universe.

The wicked man saith in his heart, There is no God” (†). And so it is, in truth. For a just man might say in his head, “God does not exist!” But only the wicked can utter this thought in his heart. Believing that God exists or doesn't is one thing. Resigning oneself to his nonexistence is another, one that drives us beyond our humanity and causes us to shudder. But not even wanting his existence, failing to desire it, exceeds every other moral monstrosity. In actuality, those who deny God usually do so in despair, after they have failed to find him.


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(†) Unamuno quotes this phrase with no attribution. Something like it appears more than once in the Psalms (13.1 & 52.1 in the Vulgate, 14.1 & 53.1 in the Septuagint), where Unamuno's wicked or accursed man (malvado) is more literally witless or stupid (insipiens, stultus, ἄφρων). This rendering won't quite do for Unamuno's purposes, as he wants to make logical sense something the wicked man uses: a tool of the head that we employ badly when our heart is accursed or emotionally misshapen, as that of a malvado would be.