We don't fear death. Seneca, Epistles 4.30.15-18
Seneca
concludes his epistle on death, advising Lucilius that we do not really fear death, as that would rationally entail living our lives in a
state of unremitting terror, since there is no moment when we certainly cannot die.
Non
dubitare autem se quin senilis anima in primis labris esset, nec
magna vi distraheretur a corpore. Ignis
qui valentem materiam occupavit aqua et interdum ruina exstinguendus
est: ille qui alimentis deficitur sua sponte subsidit.
Libenter haec, mi Lucili, audio non tamquam nova, sed tamquam in
rem praesentem perductus. Quid ergo? non multos spectavi
abrumpentes vitam? Ego vero vidi, sed plus momenti apud me
habent qui ad mortem veniunt sine odio vitae et admittunt illam, non
attrahunt. Illud quidem aiebat tormentum nostra nos sentire opera,
quod tunc trepidamus cum prope a nobis esse credimus mortem: a quo
enim non prope est, parata omnibus locis omnibusque momentis? Sed
consideremus inquit tunc cum aliqua causa moriendi videtur
accedere, quanto aliae propiores sint quae non timentur. Hostis
alicui mortem minabatur, hanc cruditas occupavit. Si distinguere
voluerimus causas metus nostri, inveniemus alias esse, alias videri.
Non mortem timemus sed cogitationem mortis; ab ipsa enim semper
tantundem absumus. Ita si timenda mors est, semper timenda est: quod
enim morti tempus exemptum est?
Sed
vereri debeo ne tam longas epistulas peius quam mortem oderis. Itaque
finem faciam: tu tamen mortem ut numquam timeas semper cogita. Vale.
Bassus
had no doubt but that his ancient soul was on the brink of escape,
that drawing it from his body would not require much effort. “The
fire that has taken hold of something substantial must be
extinguished with water and the occasional crushing stamp; but flames
lacking fuel go out of their own accord.” His words.
I still love to hear them, Lucilius, not because they offer me
anything new, but because they address the condition to which life
has brought me. But what of this? Haven't I seen many people break
free from this life? Indeed I have, but those who leave me with the
greatest impression come to death without any hatred of life: they
welcome death in, rather than drag her. Bassus used to say that we
feel a special sense of dread when we believe death is near: but when
isn't she close by? Doesn't she stand armed and ready in every place,
at every moment? “We should notice that every time one cause of
death appears to draw near, there are others closer to us that go
unmarked, unfeared,” he said. A man once found himself threatened
with death by the approach of a mortal enemy; indigestion killed him.
If we are patient enough to mark and separate every lethal thing that
causes us terror, we will see that seeming is not the same as being.
What we fear is not really death, but our imagination of death, which
puts us far distant from the real thing, always. For if death really
must be feared, then we have to remain afraid always: what moment of
our lives is outside her grasp?
At
this point, however, I must begin to fear lest your hatred for long epistles outstrip your loathing for death, so let me make an end. Think about your death all the time, so
that you may never fear it. Farewell.