Make contentment easy to achieve. Seneca, Epistles 2.21.7-9
Seneca tells Lucilius how to
handle desires (always cut them back!) and philosophical attribution
(never credit another person for your own philosophy, which is simply
your own fault, no matter what the world might say or seem to
contribute). Two lessons for the price of one!
Ne
gratis Idomeneus in epistulam meam venerit, ipse eam de suo redimet.
Ad hunc Epicurus illam nobilem sententiam scripsit qua hortatur ut
Pythoclea locupletem non publica nec ancipiti via faciat. Si
vis inquit
Pythoclea divitem facere, non pecuniae adiciendum sed cupiditati
detrahendum est.
Et apertior ista sententia est
quam ut interpretanda sit, et disertior quam ut adiuvanda. Hoc unum
te admoneo, ne istud tantum existimes de divitiis
dictum: quocumque transtuleris, idem poterit. Si vis
Pythoclea honestum facere, non honoribus adiciendum est sed
cupiditatibus detrahendum; si vis Pythoclea esse in perpetua
voluptate, non voluptatibus adiciendum est sed cupiditatibus
detrahendum; si vis Pythoclea senem facere et implere vitam, non
annis adiciendum est sed cupiditatibus detrahendum. Has voces non est
quod Epicuri esse iudices: publicae sunt. Quod fieri in senatu solet
faciendum ego in philosophia quoque existimo: cum censuit aliquis
quod ex parte mihi placeat, iubeo illum dividere sententiam et sequor
quod probo.
Lest
Idomeneus appear a useless ornament to my letter, he shall pay
postage for it now, in currency that he would recognize. To him
Epicurus penned that noble sentiment we still read, in which the
philosopher urges him not to make their mutual friend Pythocles (†)
wealthy by any method too public or perilous. "If you desire to
make Pythocles rich," Epicurus says, "do it by diminishing
his desires rather than adding to his coffers." This judgment is
at once too clear to require additional explanation, and too wise to
need my support. One piece of advice I will permit myself to give
you: don't think it a saying about material wealth only; wherever you
carry it with you, it will manifest the same power for good. If you
want to make Pythocles noble, for instance, you should on no account
load him with honors: instead, you must remove his desires. If you
wish to place him in a state of perpetual pleasure, you must not pile
pleasures upon him: instead, do away with his desires. If you want
Pythocles to live a long and full life, achieving the total measure
of his humanity, the way to proceed is not by adding years, but by
subtracting desires. Nor you should you think of these words as
belonging uniquely, in any sense, to Epicurus: they are public
property. In philosophy I follow the procedure used in the Roman
senate: whenever someone else has delivered an opinion that pleases
me, I deem that we share it and deliberately follow what I myself
approve, rather than lean upon his judgment and so lose sight of my
own.
---
(†)
Another citizen of Lampsacus in Epicurus' circle of friends there. A
letter of Epicurus to Pythocles remains extant, but some suspect its
authenticity, feeling it agrees but little with other letters from
the philosopher (to Menoeceus and Herodotus). The letter presents the
philosopher's take on reading the weather, viz. that every natural
event has natural causes and should be greeted with resignation
rather than fear or desire. In practical terms, Stoics and Epicureans
could be quite similar (as Seneca notes).